Kugeza ubu, hari amatara atatu yingenzi yimodoka ku isoko, amatara ya halogen,Hisha amatara ya xenonnaAmatara. Usibye ko hari itara rya laser. Igiciro cyubu cyamatara ya laser ni menshi cyane, ntabwo rero ari ngirakamaro. Itara rya laser rishobora gukoreshwa gusa kumurongo waryo wubatswe, nka BMW i8, AUDI A8 / R8.
Amatara ya Halogen niyo akoreshwa cyane mumatara yimodoka muri iki gihe, kandi nayo ni amatara yakoreshejwe igihe kinini mumateka yimodoka. Ariko amatara ya halogene ni amatara yijimye kandi byoroshye kumeneka / gutwikwa.
HISHA amatara ya Xenonyatangiriye muri sosiyete nini ya PHILIPS, HELLA na BOSCH, guhera 1990 kugeza 1993.HISHA amatara ya Xenonni hafi 2500 lumen kugeza 4000 lumen, inshuro 4 kugeza kuri 6 kurenza amatara ya halogene. Abantu benshi baravugaHISA Xenonni Byinshi cyane Kuri Kumurika Ibinyuranyo Byabashoferi, BIKI, kuko capsule yo hagati yaxenonisohora amatara ni ntoya nka filament ya halogen, urumuri ruto ntiruzamurika abashoferi bahanganye, uburyo bwo kumurika nibisanzwe nkibimuri bya halogene. ArikoHisha xenon kitntabwo bihendutse, ntabwo byoroshye kwishyiriraho, ugomba gucukura umwobo kurupapuro rwinyuma rwamatara kugirango insinga ihuza hanzeHISHA ballasthamwe n'imbere ya xenon itara rimwe na rimwe.
MubuhangaHisha amatara ya xenonfata amasegonda 10-30 kugirango ugere kumurabyo 100%, bityo imbere hamwe nabashoferi banyuranye barashobora kwirengagiza urumuri rwawe rurerure / ruto rumurika kugirango uburire cyangwa urengere mugihe amatara yazimye / imbeho ikonje. Byongeye, bihenze kubera guhuza ballast na bulbs.
Amatara maremarebyavumbuwe mu mwaka wa 2008. Birakunzwe cyane kandi byamamaye mumyaka yashize, byafashe umugabane mwinshi mwisoko rya halogen hamwe naHisha amatara ya xenon. Amatara maremareni imikorere ihenze cyane, ingano yoroheje nimbaraga nyinshi, lumen na lux birashoboka ko byikubye inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 8 kuruta amatara ya halogene, imbaraga nshyaAmatara maremareirashobora gushika 4000 lumen gushika 6000. Mubuhanga birahita bimurika 100% (halogen naHISA xenonntabwo) aribyo byiza cyane. Byongeye kandi, LED ni urumuri rukonje rutihutisha gusaza kwamatara, urumuri cyangwa umushinga. Mubyukuriauto LED amatarabiganje kumatara yo gusimbuza imodoka nyuma yisoko kurubu. Ibikurikira niBULBTEKkugurisha bishyushyeAmatara maremareurukurikirane, XD35 D ikurikirana, X9S yingufu zikomeye, umushoferi wa X9 wubatswe hamwe na X8-H7 PRO 1: 1 ingano ya halogen. Murakaza neza kubaza.
Ariko nibindi byinshiimodoka LED amatarabarimo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwubwenge bugenzura IC kugirango babuze amatara cyangwa abashoferi (ya tara) gutwika. Nibyiza kubuzima bwamatara nubushoferi (bwamatara), ariko ntabwo aribyiza kumurika kubera itara ryaba rike, ni bibi kubitwara! Ikintu cyumusazi kububasha bushya bwo hejuruAmatara maremare.
Ni ayahe mategeko asanzwe y’iburayi E-marike / ECE (Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu mu Burayi), DOT y'Abanyamerika (ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu), NHTSA (Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda), FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) n’Abashinwa DOT ugereranije naAmatara maremare?
1. Iburayi E-ikimenyetso / ECE: gusa amatara ya Halogen naHisha amatarabiremewe gusimburwa,Amatara maremarebitemewe. URETSE: FILIPI na OSRAM bimaze gutsinda ECE / E-marike R112 mu myaka itatu ishize, bafite homologation / uruhushya ruturuka mu Budage, bityo rero bikaba byemewe n'amategeko / Umuhanda byemewe n'amategeko / Kumuhanda muburayi ubungubu, TUV yatanga icyemezo mugihe wasimbuye FILIPI / Amatara ya OSRAM yatambutse ECE / E-ikimenyetso R112. Nyamuneka reba amashusho akurikira yafashwe kurubuga rwa OSRAM na LUMILEDS:
2. UmunyamerikaDOT / NHTSA / FMVSS: gusa amatara ya Halogen yemewe yo gusimburwa, Amatara HID (usibye D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D7, D8, D9 na 9500?) naAmatara maremarebitemewe.
Ibikubiye mu kumenyeshwa byemewe twahawe (BULBTEK) n'abakozi ba DOT muri amamodoka y'Abanyamerika AAPEX na SEMA ni nkibi bikurikira:
Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda (NHTSA) cyagaragaje ubwinshi bwa HID /LED ibikoresho byo guhindurakugirango ukoreshwe mumatara yimodoka. Ibi bikoresho bifatwa nkibikoresho bisimbuza ibinyabiziga bityo bigengwa nigice cyo gusimbuza igice cy’ibinyabiziga bishinzwe umutekano w’ibinyabiziga (FMVSS) No 108 Amatara, Yerekana, Ibikoresho hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano, 49 CFR § 571.108. HISHA /LED ibikoresho byo guhindurantuzuzuze ibisabwa na FMVSS No 108 bityo ntushobora gutumizwa muri Amerika byemewe n'amategeko cyangwa kugurishwa muri Amerika. Reba 49 USC § 30112 (a) (1).
FMVSS No 108 isaba, igice, ko buri soko ryumucyo risimburwa ryakozwe kugirango rihuze ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byerekana amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, kugirango ukoreshe urumuri rusimburwa mumatara asimbuzwa itara, uwabikoze agomba kubanza gutanga amakuru amwe kubijyanye (na ballast yayo nibisabwa), cyangwa irashobora gukoresha isoko yumucyo (na ballast nibisabwa) niba Ibisobanuro byayo bimaze gutangwa mu gice cya 564. Kuva umunsi iyi nyandiko yatangiriye, nta LED itanga urumuri rusimburwa rwatanzwe mu gice cya 564. Inkomoko zisimburwa HID zatanzwe mu gice cya 564 ni D1R, D1S, D2R, D2S, D3R, D3S, D4R, D4S, D5S, D7S, D8S, D9S na 9500. Nyamuneka reba inyuma kurutonde rwibice 564 bitanga urumuri.
Nkuko amategeko abisaba ko ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bisimburwa n’umucyo utangwa kugurishwa muri Amerika byubahiriza ibisabwa na FMVSS No 108 birabujijwe gukora, kugurisha, gutanga kugurisha, gutumiza mu mahanga, cyangwa kwinjiza mu bucuruzi bw’ibihugu ibyo ari byo byose HID / LED ibikoresho birimo urumuri rusimburwa rwashingiweho rwahinduwe cyangwa rwarakozwe kugirango ruhindurwe hamwe nigitereko cyamatara cyagenwe gisimbuzwa urumuri rutanga urumuri rutandukanye.
3. DOT y'Abashinwa: kimwe na Amerika, gusa amatara ya Halogen yemewe yo gusimburwa,Hisha amataranaAmatara maremarebitemewe.
Biroroshye cyane kumenya niba amatara yimodoka ari halogen cyangwa atari ukubona amatara afite ibara ry'umuhondo cyangwa atari (halogen ni ibara ry'umuhondo gusa, mubyukuri 3000 Kelvin mubushyuhe bwamabara). Kuki hakiri abantu benshi bakoresha kandi bagurishaHisha amatara ya xenonnaAmatara maremarekwisi yose? Njye mbona, kubera ko CUSTOMS, ECE na DOT mubyukuri bitagenzuye cyangwa bihana byinshi. Ariko gasutamo yagenzuweHISHA / Amatara maremarena traffic traffic yahannye abashoferi bashizehoHISHA / Amatara maremarerimwe na rimwe byarabaye.
Noneho urashobora kubaza impamvu ibigo mpuzamahanga binini (nka PHILIPS, OSRAM, HELLA) bigikoreshaHISHAnaLED amataracyangwa amatara yo gukora ibinyabiziga byumwimerere cyangwa kugurisha ibiHISHAnaAmatara maremarenyuma yisoko? Reka ngerageze gusubiza iki kibazo:
1.HISHAnaLED amataracyangwa amatara yimodoka yumwimerere: ibi nibidasanzwe kandi byihariye. Igikoresho cyo kumurika imodoka kigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yerekana amatara agenga amasoko yagenewe. Ndakeka ko ibi bikoresho byamatara bigomba kurenga ibyo bipimo byose.
2.Hisha amatara ya Xenonkuko nyuma yisoko: biremewe muburayi igihe cyoseHisha amatarayatsinze E-ikimenyetso-R112 gisanzwe. Ariko birabujijwe muri Amerika, Uburusiya, Burezili no mu bindi bihugu. Mfata USA nk'urugero (Uburusiya, Burezili n'ibindi bihugu ni akajagari), sinibutse ko nabonye PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAHisha amatara ya xenonkugurishwa muri supermarket zo muri Amerika Autozone cyangwa Walmart. Nyamuneka reka reka (BULBTEK) menya niba wabonye PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAHisha amatara ya xenonbyagurishijwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amaduka manini yo muri Amerika cyangwa amasosiyete, nibaza rwose impamvu bashobora gutora amabwiriza ya DOT / FMVSS baramutse bagurishijwe byemewe muri "HISHAbibujijwe muri Amerika ”, Ahari ibigo binini ni abashyitsi ba VIP bafite amahirwe kuri komite ndetse n’ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Ariko nkuko nari nzi byinshiHisha amatarabagiye kohereza muri Amerika, Uburusiya na Berezile bivuye mu Bushinwa, ntabwo tubivugaho byinshi kubera ko ari agace kijimye / umwijima nkuko maze kubivuga.
3.Amatara maremarekuko nyuma yisoko:
A. Uburayi: bitemewe. Bashyiraho akamenyetso "Hanze" cyangwa "Itara ry'igihu" kumasanduku. URETSE: FILIPI na OSRAM bimaze gutsinda ECE / E-marike R112 mu myaka itatu ishize, bafite homologation / uruhushya ruturuka mu Budage, bityo rero bikaba byemewe n'amategeko / Umuhanda byemewe n'amategeko / Kumuhanda muburayi ubungubu, TUV yatanga icyemezo mugihe wasimbuye FILIPI / Amatara ya OSRAM yatambutse ECE / E-ikimenyetso R112. Nyamuneka reba ibice bibiri bikurikira kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byinshi:
B. Amerika: bitemewe. Bashyiraho akamenyetso "Hanze" cyangwa "Itara ry'igihu" kumasanduku. Sinzi neza niba PHILIPS cyangwa OSRAM yashizwemo n'amabwiriza y'Abanyamerika DOT / FVMSS-108 cyangwa ataragera.
C. Ubushinwa: bitemewe. Sinzi neza niba PHILIPS cyangwa OSRAM yakosowe n'amabwiriza ya DOT yo mu Bushinwa cyangwa ntayo. Umuntu wese aragurisha ahantu hose.
Ibyo ari byo byose, tweBULBTEKmurakaza neza kubinyabiziga bishya ibihe byaAmatara maremare.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2022